Simon of Southwell

Simon of Southwell
Simon of Southwell
Treasurer of Lichfield Cathedral
Diocese	Diocese of Lichfield
Installed	1203
Personal details
Profession	Canon lawyer; clergyman;

Simon of Southwell^[a] was a medieval English canon lawyer and canon who became treasurer of the cathedral chapter of Lichfield Cathedral. He served in the household of Hubert Walter, who was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1193 to 1205. Pope Celestine III appointed Simon as a papal judge-delegate, and Simon also served Walter in Rome on two legal cases. A number of the glosses on a late-twelfth-century copy of Gratian's Decretum are ascribed to Simon.

Early career

Simon was treasurer of the cathedral chapter in 1203.^[3] He also held a prebend at Lichfield until 1209.^[4] Previously he had been a lecturer in canon law at Bologna, Paris and at Oxford.^[5] In Paris, Simon argued a case before Peter the Chanter that dealt with papal mandates, and his arguments won over Peter to his side of the discussion.^[6]

While at Oxford, Simon, along with John of Tynemouth, Honorius of Kent, and possibly Nicholas de Aquila are the first securely attested lecturers on law known for Oxford.^[7] Simon may also have studied canon law at Bologna.^[3]

Service to Hubert Walter

Simon served in the household of Hubert Walter, who was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1193 to 1205. Simon served along with other canon lawyers including John of Tynemouth and Honorius of Kent.^[8] He had previously been with the household of Hugh, Bishop of Lincoln, transferring to Walter's household about 1195.^[4]

Pope Celestine III appointed Simon as a papal judge-delegate, and Simon also served Walter in Rome on two legal cases. In 1202, while Walter was on the continent, Simon was named as administrator of the diocese of Canterbury during the archbishop's absence.^[4]

In 1203, Thomas of Marlborough, who was a monk of Evesham Abbey, pleaded a case for Evesham before Archbishop Walter, and later, in his chronicle, he noted that Simon, John of Tynemouth, and Honorius, all canon lawyers from the archbishop's household, sided with the abbey. He also described the three men as magistri mei in scholis. Surviving evidence shows that Simon and John frequently found themselves on opposing sides of cases, which suggests a rivalry between the two over their expositions of canon law. Thomas appears to have studied under Simon, John and Honorius at Oxford.^[4]

One of the cases that Simon pleaded for the archbishop was Walter's case against Gerald of Wales, who had been elected to the Bishopric of St David's in Wales. Walter opposed Gerald's appointment, and Simon, along with John of Tynemouth and another canon lawyer, were sent to Rome to argue Walter's case against Gerald.^[9]

Teachings

Like John of Tynemouth, a number of the glosses on a late-twelfth-century copy of Gratian's Decretum are ascribed to Simon.^[4] These take the form of notes from his lectures that were later added to the margins of copies of the Decretum. This combined work is now at Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge University, catalogued as manuscript (MS) 283/676. Another set of student notes from his lectures, this time entitled Quaestiones, survives as part of British Library MS Royal E.VII. This work includes lecture notes not only from Simon's classes, but from John and Nicholas' as well.^[7]

Notes

^ Sometimes Simon of Sywell^[1] or Simon of Siwell^[2]

Citations

^ Brundage "Managerial Revolution" Magna Carta and the England of King John p. 87
^ Turner English Judiciary p. 231
^ ^a ^b Turner "Roman Law" Judges, Administrators, and the Common Law p. 53
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Young Hubert Walter pp. 56–57
^ Greenslade "House of Secular Canons" History of the County of Stafford: Volume 3
^ Lewis "Canonists and Law Clerks" Seven Studies p. 59
^ ^a ^b Boyle "Beginnings of Legal Studies" Viator pp. 110–112
^ Turner "Roman Law" Judges, Administrators, and the Common Law p. 68 footnote 150
^ Young Hubert Walter p. 96

References

Boyle, Leonard E. (1983). "The Beginnings of Legal Studies at Oxford". Viator. 14: 107–132. doi:10.1484/J.VIATOR.2.301453.
Brundage, James A. (2010). "The Managerial Revolution in the English Church". In Loengard, Janet S. (ed.). Magna Carta and the England of King John. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. pp. 83–98. ISBN 978-1-84383-548-6.
Greenslade, M. W.; Pugh, R. B., eds. (1970). "House of Secular Canons – Lichfield Cathedral: To the Reformation". A History of the County of Stafford. Vol. 3. pp. 140–166. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
Lewis, C. E. (1983). "Canonists and Law Clerks in the Household of Archbishop Hubert Walter". Seven Studies in Medieval English History and Other Historical Essays: Presented to Harold S. Snellgrove. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 57–64. ISBN 0-87805-183-X.
Turner, Ralph V. (2008). The English Judiciary in the age of Glanvill and Bracton, c. 1176–1239 (Reprint ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-07242-7.
Turner, Ralph V. (1994). "Roman Law in England before the Time of Bracton". Judges, Administrators and the Common Law in Angevin England. London: Hambledon Press. pp. 45–70. ISBN 1-85285-104-X. reprint of Turner, Ralph V. (Autumn 1975). "Roman Law in England Before the Time of Bracton". Journal of British Studies. 15 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1086/385676. JSTOR 175236. S2CID 159948800.
Young, Charles R. (1968). Hubert Walter: Lord of Canterbury and Lord of England. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. OCLC 443445.